{"id":4584,"date":"2026-10-22T03:32:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T03:32:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/?page_id=4584"},"modified":"2026-10-22T03:47:00","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T03:47:00","slug":"adli-bilisim-ve-dijital-deliller","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/en\/alanlarimiz\/adli-bilisim-ve-dijital-deliller\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Forensics and Digital Evidence Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.text.inner-box.clearfix:has(>.oo-practice-detail)>h2{display:none}.oo-practice-detail{color:#444;line-height:1.8}.oo-practice-detail h1{font-size:34px;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 20px;color:#24282d}.oo-practice-detail h2{font-size:25px;line-height:1.35;margin:32px 0 14px;color:#24282d}.oo-practice-detail h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.45;margin:22px 0 10px}.oo-practice-detail p{margin:0 0 16px}.oo-practice-detail li{margin-bottom:9px}.oo-practice-detail a{color:#87652f;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.oo-practice-detail a:hover{color:#e23e4e}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-lead{font-size:18px;color:#555;border-left:3px solid #ba965a;padding-left:18px}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-cover{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:8px;margin:22px 0 26px}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-note{padding:18px 20px;background:#faf7f1;border:1px solid #e8dcc7;border-radius:8px;margin:22px 0}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-reading{padding:20px;background:#faf8f4;border-top:2px solid #ba965a;margin:26px 0;border-radius:8px}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-reading h2{margin-top:0}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-cta{display:inline-block;border:1px solid #ba965a;border-radius:8px;padding:9px 20px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600;margin:8px 8px 8px 0}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-cta:hover{border-color:#e23e4e}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-sources{font-size:13px;color:#666;margin-top:28px;padding-top:16px;border-top:1px solid #e6e1d8}html:lang(en) .oo-practice-detail[lang=tr],html:not(:lang(en)) .oo-practice-detail[lang=en]{display:none!important}@media(max-width:767px){.oo-practice-detail h1{font-size:28px}.oo-practice-detail h2{font-size:23px;margin-top:26px}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-lead{font-size:16px}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-cover{margin:18px 0 22px}.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-note,.oo-practice-detail .oo-area-reading{padding:16px}}<\/style>\n<article class=\"oo-practice-detail\" lang=\"tr\" data-no-translation>\n<h1>Adli Bili\u015fim ve Dijital Delil Hukuku<\/h1>\n<p class=\"oo-area-lead\">Adli bili\u015fim raporlar\u0131, teknik veriler ve elektronik kay\u0131tlar\u0131n; elde edilme y\u00f6ntemi, do\u011frulanabilirli\u011fi ve yarg\u0131lamadaki ispat de\u011feri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuki de\u011ferlendirilmesi.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"oo-area-cover\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/18.png\" alt=\"Adli bili\u015fim, dijital raporlar ve elektronik delillerin incelenmesi\" width=\"1004\" height=\"590\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dijital delil<\/strong>; bir telefon mesaj\u0131ndan sunucu kayd\u0131na, banka i\u015fleminden uygulama verisine kadar farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan gelebilir. Bir kayd\u0131n ekranda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi ile \u00f6zg\u00fcn, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korunmu\u015f ve belirli bir ki\u015fiye atfedilebilir delil olmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. <strong>Adli bili\u015fim raporuna itiraz<\/strong> da yaln\u0131zca sonuca kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmekten ibaret de\u011fildir: hangi bulgunun hangi veri ve y\u00f6ntemle elde edildi\u011fi sorgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131m\u0131z; ceza soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve davalar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere dijital kay\u0131t i\u00e7eren uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda dosya incelemesini, raporlar\u0131n hukuki analizini, teknik sorular\u0131n belirlenmesini ve usul\u00fcne uygun delil taleplerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Avukat\u0131n hukuki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, gerekti\u011finde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z adli bili\u015fim uzman\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel incelemesiyle desteklenir; hukuki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ile teknik rapor birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Adli bili\u015fim, dijital rapor ve elektronik delil nedir?<\/h2>\n<h3>Birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00fc\u00e7 kavram<\/h3>\n<p>Adli bili\u015fim, dijital verilerin kabul edilebilir bilimsel y\u00f6ntemlerle elde edilmesi ve incelenmesiyle ilgilidir. Dijital rapor, bu incelemenin kapsam\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6ntemini, bulgular\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131d\u0131r. Dijital delil ise somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulan elektronik bilgidir. Bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na gerek\u00e7eli uzman de\u011ferlendirmesinin yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n<p>Mesaj d\u00f6k\u00fcmleri, e-postalar, oturum kay\u0131tlar\u0131, cihaz verileri, elektronik belgeler ve kamera g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri farkl\u0131 inceleme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011furur. Hangi sorunun cevaplanaca\u011f\u0131 ba\u015ftan belirlenmeden geni\u015f bir veri y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n dosyaya eklenmesi, olay\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamayabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Delilin kayna\u011f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve muhafaza zinciri<\/h2>\n<p>Dijital delilin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, kayd\u0131n nereden geldi\u011fi ve kimler taraf\u0131ndan hangi i\u015flemlerden ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi izlenebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk teslimden inceleme ve raporlamaya kadar d\u00fczenlenen belgeler, verinin dosyadaki yolculu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kaynak veya aktar\u0131m bilgisi eksikse bu eksikli\u011fin de\u011ferlendirmeye etkisi ayr\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> \u0130ncelenen cihaz, hesap, sunucu veya kay\u0131t ortam\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130\u015flem kayd\u0131:<\/strong> Teslim, kopyalama, inceleme ve aktar\u0131m a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n belgelendirilmesi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck:<\/strong> Uygun hash kontrollerinin ne zaman ve hangi veri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00f6ntem:<\/strong> Kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7, s\u00fcr\u00fcm, inceleme kapsam\u0131 ve y\u00f6ntemin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Denetlenebilirlik:<\/strong> Sonucun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulgu ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n incelemeye elveri\u015fli bi\u00e7imde sunulmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Hash e\u015fle\u015fmesi verilerin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn denetlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; dosyan\u0131n kim taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuldu\u011funu veya ki\u015finin kast\u0131n\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klamaz. Teknik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ile su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 sorulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>3. IP, CGNAT, zaman damgas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 tespiti<\/h2>\n<h3>Abone, hesap sahibi ve fiili kullan\u0131c\u0131 ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Bir internet aboneli\u011finin ki\u015fiye ait olmas\u0131, belirli bir i\u015flemi kimin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6zmez. Dinamik IP kullan\u0131m\u0131, ortak ba\u011flant\u0131, farkl\u0131 oturumlar ve cihaz eri\u015fimi gibi olas\u0131l\u0131klar somut kay\u0131tlarla de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Genel ihtimaller ileri s\u00fcrmek yerine bunlar\u0131n olayda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>UTC ve yerel saat neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/h3>\n<p>Platform kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ile cihaz veya operat\u00f6r kay\u0131tlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 zaman g\u00f6sterimleri kullanabilir. Ayn\u0131 olay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in saat dilimi ve zaman bilgisinin anlam\u0131 belirlenmelidir. Zaman damgas\u0131, olu\u015fturma veya eri\u015fim zaman\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 bir olay\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorsa bu fark raporda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/instagram-facebook-tiktok-x-telegram-ip-cgnat-100-soru\/\">Sosyal medya, IP ve CGNAT hakk\u0131nda 100 soru<\/a> ile <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/ncmec-raporunda-suc-tarihi-utc-ve-timestamp-savunmasi\/\">UTC ve timestamp incelemesi<\/a> ba\u011flant\u0131 ve zaman verilerine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Telefon, bilgisayar, mesaj ve uygulama kay\u0131tlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Mobil cihaz incelemelerinde elde edilen verinin kapsam\u0131; cihaz\u0131n durumu, i\u015fletim sistemi, uygulama s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc ve kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6nteme g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bu nedenle raporun hangi veriye ula\u015fabildi\u011fini ve hangi konularda s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 gerekir. Uygulaman\u0131n ekranda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bilgi ile teknik kay\u0131tta bulunan alanlar\u0131n anlam\u0131 ayn\u0131 kabul edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n<p>WhatsApp ve Telegram yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, e-posta kay\u0131tlar\u0131, ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri ve sosyal medya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131; ba\u011flam, konu\u015fman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, kaynak ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelenir. Tek bir ekran g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi konu\u015fmadan se\u00e7ildi\u011fi, i\u00e7eri\u011fin do\u011frulan\u0131p do\u011frulanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuka uygun elde edilip edilmedi\u011fi \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6nbellek ve otomatik kay\u0131tlar<\/strong> ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Dosyan\u0131n bir klas\u00f6rde bulunmas\u0131yla kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7li bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7ma, kaydetme veya payla\u015fma i\u015flemi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 \u00f6nerme de\u011fildir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k otomatik kay\u0131t iddias\u0131, uygulama ve cihaz bulgular\u0131yla s\u0131nanmal\u0131d\u0131r. NCMEC veya CRC bildirimleriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 dosyalar i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/alanlarimiz\/ncmec-ve-crc-raporlari\/\">NCMEC ve CRC Raporlar\u0131<\/a> alan\u0131m\u0131za bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Bilirki\u015fi raporuna itiraz ve uzman m\u00fctalaas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Etkili bir rapor itiraz\u0131nda, hangi sorunun cevaps\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun dosyaya etkisi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Ham veriye dayanmayan bir sonu\u00e7, a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6ntem veya birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen zaman kay\u0131tlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 talepler gerektirir. Dosyaya g\u00f6re ek rapor, yeni inceleme, bilirki\u015fiye y\u00f6neltilecek sorular veya uzman m\u00fctalaas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelebilir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130nceleme konusu ile raporun ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 birbiriyle uyumlu mu?<\/li>\n<li>Varsay\u0131m, g\u00f6zlem ve bilimsel \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m birbirinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131?<\/li>\n<li>Hesap veya cihaz ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n somut dayana\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f mi?<\/li>\n<li>Lehe bulgular ve alternatif a\u00e7\u0131klamalar de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f mi?<\/li>\n<li>\u0130ncelemenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ile cevaplanamayan sorular belirtilmi\u015f mi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>CMK 67 kapsam\u0131nda uzman\u0131ndan bilimsel m\u00fctalaa al\u0131nabilmesi, teknik tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flar. Bilirki\u015fi ve uzman teknik konuda a\u00e7\u0131klama yapar; hukuki nitelendirme ve nihai delil de\u011ferlendirmesi yarg\u0131 makam\u0131na aittir.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oo-area-note\"><strong>CMK 134 ve g\u00fcncel d\u00fczenleme:<\/strong> Dijital arama, kopyalama ve elkoymada i\u015flemin dayana\u011f\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca incelenmelidir. AYM\u2019nin E.2023\/128, K.2026\/36 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131, CMK 134\u2019\u00fcn baz\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini ertelemeli olarak iptal etmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015flem tarihi ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck durumu kontrol edilmeden otomatik bir ge\u00e7erlilik veya ge\u00e7ersizlik sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz.<\/div>\n<h2>6. Bili\u015fim su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve dijital kay\u0131t i\u00e7eren uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar<\/h2>\n<p>Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 sisteme girme iddialar\u0131, verilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi veya eri\u015fimin engellenmesi, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, hesap kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve elektronik belge uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 teknik sorular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bir i\u015flem kayd\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131 kadar bu kayd\u0131n isnat edilen fiili ger\u00e7ekten a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Mesleki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma; olay\u0131n kronolojisini kurmay\u0131, hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 ve gerekli teknik incelemeyi do\u011fru sorularla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Teknik verinin \u00e7oklu\u011fu, tek ba\u015f\u0131na ispat g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<section class=\"oo-area-reading\">\n<h2>\u0130lgili yaz\u0131lar ve dijital delil rehberleri<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/siber-suclar-bilisim-hukuku-dijital-delil-etkin-savunma\/\">Siber su\u00e7lar ve bili\u015fim hukuku: dijital delil ve savunma<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/instagram-facebook-tiktok-x-telegram-ip-cgnat-100-soru\/\">Sosyal medya, IP ve CGNAT: 100 soru<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/ncmec-dosyalarinda-ilk-bakmasi-gereken-10-teknik-nokta\/\">Dijital dosyalarda ilk bak\u0131lacak 10 teknik nokta<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/mustehcenlikte-dijital-delil-cache-kayitlari-cmk-308-a\/\">Dijital delil, cache kay\u0131tlar\u0131 ve CMK 308\/A<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/bilisim-ve-internet-hukuku\/\">Bili\u015fim ve \u0130nternet Hukuku<\/a> \u2014 ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131m\u0131z.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Dosya incelemesi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130lk de\u011ferlendirmede elinizdeki rapor, tutanak, tebligat ve hukuken eri\u015febildi\u011finiz kay\u0131tlar \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131 belirlenir. Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n hesab\u0131na izinsiz eri\u015ferek veya hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi yeniden payla\u015farak delil toplamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n\u0131z. \u0130nceleme ve belge aktar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in uygun y\u00f6ntem randevu s\u0131ras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"oo-area-cta\" href=\"\/irtibat\/\">Randevu ve ileti\u015fim<\/a><a class=\"oo-area-cta\" href=\"\/alanlarimiz\/\">T\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131m\u0131z<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"oo-area-sources\"><strong>Kaynaklar:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/mevzuat.adalet.gov.tr\/mevzuat\/102946\">5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/normkararlarbilgibankasi.anayasa.gov.tr\/Dosyalar\/Kararlar\/KararPDF\/K.2026-36.nrm.pdf\">AYM E.2023\/128, K.2026\/36<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\/digital-evidence-preservation-considerations-evidence-handlers\">NIST \u2014 Digital Evidence Preservation<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\/guidelines-mobile-device-forensics\">NIST \u2014 Mobile Device Forensics<\/a>. Genel hukuki bilgilendirmedir; somut dosyaya ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f yerine ge\u00e7mez.<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<article class=\"oo-practice-detail\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation>\n<h1>Digital Forensics and Digital Evidence Law<\/h1>\n<p class=\"oo-area-lead\">Legal assessment of forensic reports, technical records and electronic evidence: provenance, reliability, attribution and their role in proceedings in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"oo-area-cover\" src=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/18.png\" alt=\"Digital forensics, forensic reports and electronic evidence\" width=\"1004\" height=\"590\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><\/p>\n<p>Digital evidence can include messages, device records, server logs and electronic documents. A record appearing on a screen is not necessarily an authenticated, complete and attributable account of an event. Challenging a forensic report requires identifying the particular finding, underlying data and method that need explanation.<\/p>\n<p>Our work includes case-file review, legal assessment of digital reports, formulation of technical questions and preparation of evidence requests. Where specialist scientific analysis is required, legal work and an independent forensic examination have distinct, complementary roles.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Digital forensics, reports and evidence<\/h2>\n<h3>Three related but different concepts<\/h3>\n<p>Digital forensics concerns the acquisition and examination of electronic data through accepted methods. A forensic report should explain its scope, method, findings and limitations. Digital evidence is the electronic information whose connection to the dispute is being assessed. Software output alone does not replace a reasoned expert explanation.<\/p>\n<p>Emails, session records, phone data, electronic documents and video recordings can raise different questions. Those questions should be defined before a large volume of material is presented as though its quantity alone established its value.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Provenance, integrity and chain of custody<\/h2>\n<p>The origin of a record and the handling of the data should be traceable. Collection, copying, transfers and examination need an intelligible documentary record. Any missing step must be assessed for its actual effect rather than treated through a blanket assumption.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Source:<\/strong> the device, account, server or recording medium concerned.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Handling:<\/strong> documented receipt, copying, examination and transfers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Integrity:<\/strong> appropriate hash checks identifying what was checked and when.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Method:<\/strong> the tools, versions, scope and limitations of the examination.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reviewability:<\/strong> findings and underlying records presented in a form that permits scrutiny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A matching hash can help establish data integrity. It does not, by itself, identify the author of a file or establish criminal intent. Integrity and the legal elements of an allegation are separate questions.<\/p>\n<h2>3. IP, CGNAT, timestamps and attribution<\/h2>\n<h3>Subscriber, account holder and actual user<\/h3>\n<p>An internet subscription does not automatically establish who performed a particular act. Shared access, changing connections, sessions and device access require assessment against the actual records. A possibility is not a finding; it must be investigated where relevant.<\/p>\n<h3>UTC and local time<\/h3>\n<p>Platform, device and operator records may express time differently. Meaningful comparison requires identifying the time zone and the event each timestamp represents. A creation time, access time and reported transmission time should not be treated as interchangeable.<\/p>\n<p>Our articles on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/instagram-facebook-tiktok-x-telegram-ip-cgnat-100-soru\/\">social media, IP and CGNAT (Turkish)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/ncmec-raporunda-suc-tarihi-utc-ve-timestamp-savunmasi\/\">UTC and timestamps (Turkish)<\/a> explore these issues further.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Phones, computers, messages and applications<\/h2>\n<p>The data available from a mobile device depends on factors including the device state, operating system, application version and acquisition method. Reports should explain what could and could not be recovered. The meaning of a technical data field must be distinguished from the way an application displays information.<\/p>\n<p>WhatsApp or Telegram conversations, emails, screenshots and social-media records should be assessed in context, including completeness, origin, authentication and lawful acquisition. A selected screenshot may leave important questions about the surrounding conversation unanswered.<\/p>\n<p>Cache files and automatic application records require particular care. The presence of a file does not, without further examination, explain whether a user deliberately opened, saved or shared it. An assertion of automatic recording also needs testing against the available findings. See our <a href=\"\/en\/alanlarimiz\/ncmec-ve-crc-raporlari\/\">NCMEC and CRC Reports<\/a> practice area for related notification-based cases.<\/p>\n<h2>5. Challenging expert reports and obtaining scientific opinions<\/h2>\n<p>A focused challenge identifies the unanswered question and its importance to the case. Missing underlying data, unexplained methods and inconsistent time records may call for different requests: clarification, supplementary examination, a further report or an independent scientific opinion.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Does the conclusion answer the question referred for examination?<\/li>\n<li>Are assumptions distinguished from observations and supported inferences?<\/li>\n<li>Is the basis for linking the event to an account or device explained?<\/li>\n<li>Are exculpatory findings and relevant alternative explanations addressed?<\/li>\n<li>Are limitations and unresolved questions clearly stated?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Article 67 of the Turkish Code of Criminal Procedure provides for obtaining a scientific opinion from an expert. Technical expertise can clarify the evidence; legal classification and the ultimate judicial assessment remain matters for the competent authority.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oo-area-note\"><strong>Article 134: current-law review.<\/strong> Constitutional Court judgment E.2023\/128, K.2026\/36 annuls certain provisions concerning digital searches, copying and seizure, with deferred effect. The date of the measure, applicable law and scope of the judgment must be checked before drawing a conclusion about validity.<\/div>\n<h2>6. Cybercrime and disputes involving electronic records<\/h2>\n<p>Allegations concerning unauthorised access, interference with data or systems, online fraud and account use can involve different technical and legal issues. The existence of a transaction or activity record must be distinguished from proof that it establishes the alleged conduct.<\/p>\n<p>Case preparation seeks to reconstruct events, identify the legal questions and define any necessary scientific examination. The volume of digital data does not determine its evidential weight.<\/p>\n<section class=\"oo-area-reading\">\n<h2>Related articles and guides<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/siber-suclar-bilisim-hukuku-dijital-delil-etkin-savunma\/\">Cybercrime, IT law and digital evidence (Turkish)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/instagram-facebook-tiktok-x-telegram-ip-cgnat-100-soru\/\">Social media, IP and CGNAT: 100 questions (Turkish)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/ncmec-dosyalarinda-ilk-bakmasi-gereken-10-teknik-nokta\/\">Ten technical points to examine in digital files (Turkish)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/mustehcenlikte-dijital-delil-cache-kayitlari-cmk-308-a\/\">Digital evidence, cache records and Article 308\/A (Turkish)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orhanonal.av.tr\/en\/ncmec-crc-report-obscenity-investigation-lawyer\/\">NCMEC\/CRC Reports and Digital Evidence (English)<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"\/en\/bilisim-ve-internet-hukuku\/\">IT and Internet Law<\/a> \u2014 related practice area.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2>Case review and appointments<\/h2>\n<p>Reports, procedural records and documents you may lawfully access help define the initial review. Do not obtain evidence by accessing someone else\u2019s account without permission or redistributing unlawful content. An appropriate method of document review and transfer should be agreed when arranging an appointment.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"oo-area-cta\" href=\"\/en\/irtibat\/\">Appointments and contact<\/a><a class=\"oo-area-cta\" href=\"\/en\/alanlarimiz\/\">All practice areas<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"oo-area-sources\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/mevzuat.adalet.gov.tr\/mevzuat\/102946\">Turkish Code of Criminal Procedure<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/normkararlarbilgibankasi.anayasa.gov.tr\/Dosyalar\/Kararlar\/KararPDF\/K.2026-36.nrm.pdf\">Constitutional Court E.2023\/128, K.2026\/36<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\/digital-evidence-preservation-considerations-evidence-handlers\">NIST \u2014 Digital Evidence Preservation<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/publications\/guidelines-mobile-device-forensics\">NIST \u2014 Mobile Device Forensics<\/a>. General legal information, not a substitute for advice on an individual case.<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Adli Bili\u015fim ve Dijital Delil Hukuku Adli bili\u015fim raporlar\u0131, teknik veriler ve elektronik kay\u0131tlar\u0131n; elde edilme y\u00f6ntemi, do\u011frulanabilirli\u011fi ve yarg\u0131lamadaki ispat de\u011feri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hukuki de\u011ferlendirilmesi. Dijital delil; bir telefon mesaj\u0131ndan sunucu kayd\u0131na, banka i\u015fleminden uygulama verisine kadar farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan gelebilir. Bir kayd\u0131n ekranda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi ile \u00f6zg\u00fcn, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc korunmu\u015f ve belirli bir ki\u015fiye atfedilebilir delil olmas\u0131 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":734,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4584","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Digital forensics and evidence law in T\u00fcrkiye: expert reports, IP and CGNAT records, device examinations and challenges to forensic findings.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"google-site-verification\" content=\"tLLLcLq9FK0Bfmcn7aa3w7-5gL_051RiOuAyQlDIAnI\" 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